SD InfoTech Automotive Academy

  HYBRID VEHICLES VS ELECTRIC VEHICLES  When we discuss mobility often used on internal combustion engines (ICE) for a long time but, in modern vehicles, one form of the term that is trending nowadays is called electric and hybrid vehicles. This segment from the last decade lots improved on different automakers. The American car company Tesla Motor is one of the emerging Electric Vehicles in the world and another automaker also establishes and switches on the electric power energy on EV sector.  Generally, two basic types of electric motor vehicles are used in the modern car segment market in India. One is a Hybrid car and another is a fully electric-powered car Electric vehicle (EV). A hybrid car segment A hybrid car segment using more than powered energy either petrol or diesel and battery or electric-powered engines and sometimes both work together to powered engines.  Mostly hybrid vehicles that are powered by an internal combustion engine (ICE) or said that conv...

  Compressed Natural Gas CNG Compressed natural gas CNG is one of the alternatives fuels to run vehicles. It considers the safest fuel as it does not have any negative impact on the environment. It was discovered in the early 1800s, it is mainly used as a fuel for vehicles. It is also used fa or source of energy for heating,  electricity generation and industrial purpose. It is typically compressed to the pressure ranging from 200 to 250 kg/cm² in the gaseous state. CNG has stored onboard vehicles in a compressed gaseous state at a pressure of up to 3600 pounds per square inch (psi). Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) comprising of components methane (CH4) is 96.1 %, Ethane (C2H6) 2.50%, Propane (C3H8) 0.40%, Butane (C4H10) 0.14%, Pentane (C5H12) 0.01%, Nitrogen (N2) 0.59% and carbon dioxide (CO2) 0.15%. CNG ( Compressed Natural Gas ) has a calorific value of 35 to 40 mi/m³.It is a form of natural gas and its production cost is less as compared to other gas or fuel. Due to the major...

Modern Diesel Engine Exhaust System.  Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System According to Bharat Stage- VI (BS-VI) emissions norm, all the Indian automaker companies taking place major steps for their engine exhaust system and adopting advanced engines technology which were already adopted in western countries vehicles for their Euro Norm. Now, in the Bharat stage vehicles, emissions norm implemented BS6 on last year 1 April 2020.  This norm mainly focuses on very harmful toxic gases to reduces Nitrogen oxide (NOx) and Particulate Matter (PM) especially in all diesel vehicles which emits more NOx pollutants gases from the engines as compared to petrol vehicles. In petrol engines not much problem to switch on BS4 to BS6 because petrol engines emit a lower label of Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission gases. So that, petrol engine replaced port injection into the direct fuel injection is called Gasoline direct injection or GDI technology introduced with installed threeway catalytic...

 Lean N0x Trap (LNT) This is a kind of catalytic which control vehicles emissions system of the engine exhaust gases whether its petrol and diesel engines. This is a device Especially, to reducing  Nitrogen oxide (N0x) emission emitting from exhaust gases. It all about making clean air environmental technology.The removal of N0x from lean exhaust great challenge to the automobile industry.   vehicles exhaust emission, for the N0x emissions control solution like Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) and Lean N0x Trap (LNT) both technologies, was developed by the automaker companies. Vehicles emit pollutants gases very much problem for the environment and human health. SCR or LNT catalysts it's both technologies for reducing nitrogen oxides (N0x) emissions on diesel engines.  The main purpose of the Lean N0x Trap (LNT) catalysts is to reduce nitrogen oxide (N0x) from the engine exhaust gas.LNT catalyst very much similar to the three-way catalytic converter but it wor...

 Automobile Differential And Final Drive Differential Application  The differential is a gear assembly between two shafts that permit the shafts to turns at different speeds while continuing to transmit torque. It is used in drive axles to allow different rates of wheel rotation on curves or corners.  In other words, the differential of an automobile is a mechanical gearset assembly that provides different speeds and torque to the same axle shaft to the wheels. This mechanism provides both wheels to turn independently when the vehicle taking a turn. How does differential function?  When a vehicle travels around a turn, the distance travelled by the outer rear wheels rotates faster than the inner one during a turn. If wheels are mounted on dead axles, there will be the tendency of the wheel skidding, some mechanism must be installed in the rear axle which should reduce speed In the inner wheel and increase the speed of the outer wheel while taking turns. On the other ...

Automatic transmission and transaxle (Gearbox) The transmission and transaxle in which various speeds are obtained automatically are known as automatic transmission or transaxle (Gearbox). Automatic transmission needs on gear change lever and clutch pedal since clutch and transmission is combined unit and works automatically. Today automotive several different types of automatic transmission various variants of cars in the Indian market. they are -  • AMT- Automated Manual Transmission • IMT - Intelligent Manual Transmission • CVT-Continuously Variable Transmission. • DCT- Duel-Clutch Transmission/Double Clutch Transmission. • Torque converter type, Conventional Automatic Transmission. Automated Manual Transmission (AMT) Automated manual transmission based on a  manual transmission (gearbox) but without a clutch pedal means adopted two-pedal technology. Sometimes it called clutchless manual transmission. This gearbox we could not say the fully automatic gearbox, as considered ...

 Gearbox  The gearbox is an important part of an automobile with a mechanical device. It is utilized to increase the output torque and change the speed variation of the vehicles by the gear ratio. This means that the gearbox allows the engine to run at different speeds.   Why is a gearbox necessary in an automobile? The gearbox is necessary to regulate both the power output and the speed range of the engine relative to the vehicle speed. In the automobile, a gearbox is fitted after the clutch unit and it provides the driver can increase the driving torque and speeds to cop-up with the road and load condition.  The necessity of gear gearbox variation of resistance to the vehicle motion at various speeds and variation of tractive effort of the vehicle available at various speeds.   Construction and gear arrangement of the gearbox. The construction of the gearbox consists of the following two units -  Gearbox housing, containing are shafts such as la...