Gasoline Direct Injection(GDI) Vs Multi-Point Fuel Injection (MPFI) Vs Carburettor fuel Spray
Bharat Stage emission norms BS-VI introduced by the Indian government to regulate air pollutants coming out from motor vehicles to make a healthier environment for the country. It was applied for petrol engine and diesel engine operated machine and equipment including motor vehicles and motorcycle (bikes & Scooter) was started 1st April 2020 onward.
According to that Now in Indian Automotive industries, the vehicles manufacturers have been adopting Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) technology, especially in Petrol Engine. GDI is also called Petrol Direct Injection. Gasoline Direct Injection(GDI)
is mainly based on the fuel injection system on the spark-ignition engine (Petrol engine).
Before explaining this technology, look back two decades ago spark-ignition engine (Petrol engine) used fuel supplied by fuel system with the help of a Carburettor and mechanical fuel pump and other supportive components.
Carburettor Fuel system
A carburettor is a mixing device, that mixes the air-fuel mixture and that flow intake (Inlet) port in the intake manifold into the combustion chamber of each cylinder, it is single-point fuel (spray) injection through the carburettors into the combustion chamber. So that the right amount of fuel does not distribute into each engine cylinder due to the carburetted single point fuel injects (spray). This results in poor combustion so that engine efficiency not good enough even a multi-cylinder engine used also.
Bharat Stage -II (BS-II) Engines
In the year 2000 1st April Indian government introduced Bharat Stage Emission standard norms it called Bharat Stage - II (BS-II) government were more concerned about pollutants emitted by vehicles. So, the vehicles manufacturer petrol and diesel engine quite change on both engines and exhaust system. In the engine exhaust system, a Catalytic Converter and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) was introduced on both petrol and diesel engine. In petrol engine carburettor fuel system replaced by Multipoint fuel Injection system. In diesel engine pre-combustion engine replaced by the direct-injection engine. So, later on, Common Rail Direct Injection(CRDi) technology adopted by many cars manufacturer companies in the Indian auto market.
Multi-Point Fuel Injection (MPFI) or Port Fuel Injection (PFI) System
In the year 2000 entering an advanced fuel system introduced called Port Fuel Injection, Maruti Suzuki said the Multi-Point Fuel Injection (MPFI).
In a carburettor system, the same amount of petrol and the same richness of the air-fuel mixture cannot be obtained in each cylinder. But Port fuel injection (PFI or Multi-Point Fuel Injection MPFI) system each cylinder get the same amount and the same richness of the air-fuel mixture. The Multi-Point fuel injection(MPFI) system has been designed to meet various load and speed conditions of the engine does not require any regular maintenance.
Port fuel injection system the low-pressure fuel injects into the combustion chamber. The solenoid-operated fuel injectors used that is controlled by Electronics Control Module ECM or ECU.
This system improved combustion and equally fuel distributed by the fuel injector into each engine cylinder.
MultiPort fuel injection (MPFI) engine was more advanced than a carburettor fuel system:
- Low emissions level.
- Improved cold driveability.
- High power is developed and higher torque.
- It has a quick starting and warm-up.
- There is a low specific fuel system.
- Improved fuel economy.
- Comfortable smooth driving.
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)
Now today all spark-ignition engine (Petrol Engine) car manufacturers have been adopting Gasoline Direct Injection(GDI) or Petrol Direct Injection.GDI technology based on fuel injection system is one step forward technology than Multi-Point Fuel Injection (MPFI) system. GDI fuel system has the most commonly adopted and emerging fuel-saving plus low emissions control technology used nowadays.
How does it work GDI engine?
During the (Inlet) intake stroke, only fresh air enters the intake port through the open intake valves into the engine cylinder. The fuel is not injected into the intake stroke, at the end of the compression stroke, the electronically operated fuel injector injects high-pressure fuel and swirling air mixes with it too from the vapour than according to firing order spark plug provides sparks ignites the air-fuel mixture.
The high-pressure injectors are installed to the common rail or fuel rail its nozzle tip directly into the combustion chamber. This GDI technology high-pressure fuel creates by a high-pressure pump driven by the camshaft to the fuel rail (common rail) and fuel injectors which inject with very fine and mist atomised and precisely mixes with air into the combustion chamber of each cylinder engine. That creates a higher compression ratio and improved the quantity of combustion. This technology air-fuel drawn into combustion differs from the conventional spark-ignition engine the ultra-lean mixture means the amount of air is more and fuel is fewer amounts get into the combustion chamber which is help complete combustion. The cavity piston designs on the top portion of the engine piston so that it helps swirls the mixture in the combustion Chamber. This process is called the stratification charges system.
GDI technology controlled by an electronic engine control system with the help of various engine sensors, they provide information to the Electronic Contro Module (ECM)or Electronic Control Unit (ECU). It then decides how much pressure, signals, voltages send to the output device or actuators (fuel injector) to take the required action.
This result provides a higher engine compression ratio in turn increased efficiency and better engine output performance, which helps low fuel consumption and increases torque. Gasoline Direct Injection(GDI) is more efficient than Multi-Point fuel injection (MPFI) whereas the MPFI system low-pressure fuel produced by solenoid-operated fuel injectors into the combustion chamber.
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Pros
There are various benefits of GDI Engine technology:
- More power even smaller engine.
- Improved fuel efficiency / reduced fuel consumption.
- Low Emissions control reduced Co2 emissions.
- The engine starts in single cranking.
- Ability to produces more power and torque.
The minor drawback / cons of this GDI technology is carbon deposit (carbon build-up) on engine valves, fuel injectors and cylinder head combustion chamber due to high-pressure build-up ignites and produce high pressurized ignition and high compression ratio and some cause blowby gases from the crankcase that accumulated carbon build-up tips of fuel inject back side of valves and combustion chamber.
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine emits a certain percentage of Particulate Matter (PM) from the exhaust system.
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