Five Supporting Systems for Engine Operation

 The most five supporting systems for Engine operation. 

The automotive engine is an internal combustion (IC) engine, internal means combustion take place inside the combustion chamber. It is simply words to say that that burning air and fuel in the combustion chamber. So that power is produced by burning a mixture of air and fuel inside top of the engine cylinder any type of configuration of the engine whether it single-cylinder engine or multi-cylinder engine. Each cylinder has an engine piston fitted on the cylinder which reciprocates (up and down) in the cylinder. An engine that produces power to move the vehicle with associated other major components.

Today all the vehicles are controlled and operated by the electronic control unit/module, (ECU/ECM). Sometimes it is also called a computer. When the engine to keep continue running and smooth operation of the engine required must five supporting systems. These are Engine electronic controls system, engine fuel system, engine lubrication system, engine cooling system and engine ignition system. Except for Only the ignition system on a diesel engine.

Electronic Engine Control System 

Electronic engine control system consisting of various sophisticated electronic inputs devices such as sensors and switches the control unit/module and electrical system. The sensors function as sense monitors various activities of different systems and components then send or input information in the form of electrical signals to the electronic control unit/module (ECU/ECM). The electronic control unit serves as the receiver of the input information from the different sensors and its calculated control unit for the required signal sent to the various outputs devices or actuators and which control and operates fuel injection, ignition and engine emission system for smoother operation.

The Electrical system 

The electrical system is one part of the electronic control system. The main resource of electricity gets from vehicles batteries. The starting motor requires electricity for an engine to be cranked for starting purposes. The ignition process requires electricity to deliver a spark to the cylinder. The Fuel Injection system needs electricity to provide fuel and electrical energy requires for lights, horns, infotainment systems and air conditioning and other electrical accessories unit.

Engine Fuel System 

In an automobile main purpose of the fuel system that deliver or supplies (petrol and diesel fuel) to the engine. This system consists of the fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel injection system and intake manifold. The fuel tank store the fuel supply of the fuel system. A fuel pump sends pressurised fuel from the tank of the fuel injection rail and fuel injectors. Today engine fuel system is fully operated and controlled by electronic control unit /module (ECU/ECM). This resulting a precisely correct amount of pressurised fuel injected into the engine cylinders. 

Engine Lubrication System

The engine lubricating system that supplies lubricating oil to all moving parts in the engine and it helps to prevent contact between any two moving metal surfaces. This reduces wear on the parts. It also helps to move the parts to move freely without power lost in making them move smoothly. An oil pan or sump at the bottom of the engine hold several litres of oil. The engine drives me to an oil pump that picks up from the oil pan and sends the oil through oil galleries into the engine.

The purpose of lubricating oil (Engine oil):

• The lubricating oil does several jobs in the engine:
• The oil lubricant moving parts reduce wear.
• As the oil moves through the engine the oil pick up heat.
• Oil fills the clearance between the bearing and rotating journals.
• The oil helps form gas-tight seals between piston rings and cylinder walls. 
• The oil acts as a cleaning agent.

Engine Cooling System 

The main purpose of an engine cooling system that remove heat from the engine by the forced circulation of air or coolant. It also prevents engine overheating and the engine is kept at working temperature. The air-cooled engines used for a single-cylinder engine are motorcycles and scooters. The water-cooled engine generally used for a multi-cylinder engine consists radiator, water pump, thermostat valve, water jacket, engine cooling fan and coolant hose pipes.

Engine Ignition System 

 The spark-ignition engine (Petrol Engine) the main purpose is to ignite the compressed air-fuel mixture in the engine combustion chamber. This should occur at the proper time in the ignition system is ignited with the proper method. The ignition systems produce the spark to the spark plug and ignite the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. That resulting power is produced in the cylinder to move the vehicles. Especially on the petrol engine or spark ignition system. Today all ignition systems are electronically operated by electronic control unit/module. Nowadays ignition systems are most commonly used on car direct ignition systems means distributor less ignition and coil-on-plug. 

In diesel engines which the injected fuel is ignited due to the temperature of compressed air in the cylinder that why diesel engines are called compression ignition engines. The ignition system spark provided to the spark plugs and ignite the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chambers. Hence, it is called a spark ignition system on the petrol engine.