AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY SYSTEM

The MEMS 

 An automotive safety system is how much your vehicle is safe to prevent an accident or any dangerous situation.

The automotive safety system can be classified into two categories:

They are - Active safety systems and Passive safety systems.

Active Safety System

An active safety system gives the driver a warning and continuously works to prevent an accident. This system always stays active while you drive. Most active safety features are electronic and controlled by the electronic control module/unit ECM or (ECU), Like Antilock Braking (ABS) Electronic brake-force distribution (EBD), Electronic Stability Control (ESC), Traction control system (TCS), TPMS, Adaptive Cruise Control ACC, etc. Now luxury cars, more radar, lesser, Camera, GPS, and life-saving sensor devices in the vehicles recognize the danger of a collision.

Nowadays in modern cars Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) a crucial role in preventing accidents or any dangerous situation and provide 

information to drive in the reverse way so that your car is easy to control as well as a convenient driving experience and safer journey. 

Passive Safety System (PSS)

These passive safety features do not work until an accident does not happen. These passive safety devices become active during accidents or crash times.

It works to minimize danger and reduce the risk of injury during the time of collision/accident. There are mainly two passive safety devices used in the vehicles they are, seat belts and airbags. These devices automatically deploy when the vehicle gets into an accident or frontal crash. 

Active safety and passive safety devices are both fully electronic and controlled by an electronic control module or ECU. 

Active and Passive safety systems both work as live-saving devices and keep you safe while you drive or ride.

Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)

The SRS Means Supplemental Restraint System, is a passive safety system for modern vehicles. The main purpose of the SRS system is to protect the diver and passengers during major accidents/crashes or rollovers of your vehicles. This is a life-saving safety device that is fitted interior part of the cars. Airbags and seat belts are the two main components of passive safety systems of the SRS system of modern vehicles for driver and passenger safety purposes.

The SRS system consists of the following components:

• Driver front airbag module 

• Passenger front airbag module 

• pre-tensioner seatbelt system

• Airbag warning lights 

• SRS control module 

• Front impact sensor.

SRS Airbags 

The airbags are a balloon-type device that inflates automatically to protect the driver as well as passengers if a front-end crash occurs. The airbag prevents the occupant from being thrown forward and injured by striking the steering wheel or windshield. The seat belts and airbags work together to provide maximum protection and prevent serious injury in an accident crash. The SRS system works within 30 milliseconds and deploys airbag inflates and deflation during an accident occurs. 

Airbags are nylon bag that inflates nitrogen gas, this fills the air-made air cushion on the steering wheel hub for the driver and deploys in front of the instrument panel for the co-driver side it depends on various vehicles top to base variant model deploys several airbags but 1st October 2022  mandatory six airbags for all light motor vehicle in Indian manufacturer.

The airbag mechanism is a process of chemical reaction that creates nitrogen gas to fill a nylon bag to provide an air cushion, this system works with several sensors like Micro-electro Mechanical System MEMS  sensor, Gyroscope sensor, Accelerator position sensor, Brake pressure, Vehicle speed sensor and control unit/module, work together send single to Electronic Control Unit (ECU) then ECU send commands to airbag module inflates airbags during a collision. Airbags fully inflation within 50 milliseconds or less and deflate immediately within seconds, so that occupants cannot serious injury during impact or crash. This is a life-saving safety device used for all modern vehicles.

Seat Belts 

Seat belts are the safety measures devices used for all four-wheeled vehicles. That secures the occupant's static motion and prevents harmful activities when the vehicle suddenly brakes or jerks and uncertain movement of the vehicle especially the vehicle due to the collision.

TYRES PRESSURE MONITORING SENSOR [TPMS]

TPMS system is one of the important safety features of all modern vehicles. This system performs electronics and monitors the air pressure in pneumatic tires. It also provides information to the driver on all tire pressure through an instrumental cluster meter. 

 ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM [ADAS]

Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) is a modern vehicle's automated driving assistance Feature adopted on some segments of cars used for driver comfort and convenience and to avoid an unsafe situation on the roads. 

This technology is a active safety system equipped with anti-accidental features loaded in the car to prevent any accidents on the roads. The advancement of adas is improved by safety, warning, voice command, and vibration giving awareness to drivers on such road conditions to, avoid road accidents. In some cases, direct intervention to control car unsafe situations with the help of sensors radar, cameras, and artificial intelligence (AI) is performed at every level of Adas.

The latest features associated with the ADAS system:

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
Adaptive Light Control System 
Automatic Emergency Braking
Automotive Navigation System
Blind Spot Avoidance
Collision Avoidance System
Crosswind Stabilization
Automatic Parking Assistance
Automatic Night Vision
Heap-up-Display
Hill Descent Control
Reverse View Camera
Driver Drowsiness Detection
Vehicle Communications System 
Traffic Sign Recognition 
Lane Departure Warning and lane Assist.
Electronic Stability Control
Traction Control System
Antilock Braking System (ABS)
Automatic Rain Sensor

Anti-thief feature of modern vehicles.

The automobile security system is also called an anti-theft mechanism for your vehicle and is one of the most important safety features and advanced vehicle security systems equipped with all that fits every modern vehicle. The purpose of this mechanism is to prevent the starting of your vehicle engine without an unmatched ignition key. The system is specially designed for an unauthorized person not able to drive a car using a duplicate ignition key and try your vehicle to start or steal your vehicle. 

In earlier days motor vehicle ignition keys were used for normal door tailgate lock sets and vehicle cranking purposes. Nowadays all modern vehicles are used for smart ignition keys for car safety purposes especially to prevent theft of your car. Smart key consists of two basic parts one metal slot line mechanical used for lock and unlock and turning on ignition or cranking purposes. The second part of the key is called the key head which has an electronic feature with a transmitter or transponder chip inserted into the key head. These key head has a remote control system that has lock and unlock remote bottoms, that give access to lock and unlock from a distance.

 The remote mechanism has fixed code that takes signals from the smart key that matches the code in the engine immobilizer module and sends a signal to the electronic control unit after that ECM/ECU decodes the signal and gives commands to activate the engine fuel system and ready ignition to process taken place so that engine start. This technology theft is a proof system all modern vehicles are using now. Some vehicle has additional alarm systems which That why these ignition keys nowadays are called smart keys or sometimes also called transponder keys automobile ignition keys have chip or transponder flip key features that are available in hatchbacks and sedan car segments and keyless remote entry (key fob) in start-stop stop push bottom feature using all segment of Sport Utility Vehicles SUVs. 

smart key technology uses an electronic chip called a Transponder chip that signals to carry and connects the engine Immobilizer system which has an oil antenna mounted on the ignition switch that codes the programming signal and receives the immobilizer module transmitting a signal to the Electronics Control Unit / Module (ECU/ECM), then engine fuel system activate so that your car ready to start.